limited=c( 6.8, 7.0, 9.1, 10.6, 4.1, 0.5, 9.6, 5.7, 6.7, 9.1, 7.6, 6.4, 5.2, 3.0, 4.7, 13.2, 6.7, 15.0, 6.9, 7.3, 4.7, 8.1, 4.2, 4.8 ) comprehensive=c( 7.1, 4.8, 7.0, 11.2, 5.0, 6.8, 17.9, 8.1, 7.3, 11.3, 5.5, 12.9, 8.5, 11.7, 3.7, 9.3, 4.0, 5.2, 5.4, 7.0, 6.9, 10.5, 9.3, 8.6 ) DF = data.frame( type=as.factor( c( rep( 'limited', 24 ), rep( 'comprehensive', 24 ) ) ), deaths=c( limited, comprehensive ) )